The first generation of first-generation cephalosporins that are still widely used in clinical practice include cephalexin (Pioneer No. 4), Cefazolin (Pioneer No. 5), Cefradine (Pioneer No. 6), etc., which are effective against Gram-negative bacteria. The effect is weak, but the effect on Gram-positive bacteria is stronger. Mainly used for mild to moderate respiratory infections, urinary tract infections, skin infections, arthritis, gynecological infections, etc.
The second generation In order to deal with some Gram-negative bacteria that the first generation cephalosporins could not fight against, scientists developed the second generation cephalosporins. Representative drugs include cefuroxime, cefaclor, cephalosporin, and cephalosporin. Tiam, Cefprozil, etc., its activity against Gram-negative bacteria is significantly enhanced, but its antibacterial activity against Gram-positive bacteria is close to or slightly lower than the first-generation cephalosporins. They are mostly used in the respiratory tract, intestinal tract, and biliary tract. , Urinary tract, soft tissue, bone and joint, gynecological infections, etc.
The third-generation third-generation cephalosporins mainly include cefoperazone, cefotaxime, ceftriaxone, ceftazidime, etc., and their anti-Gram-negative bacteria activity is higher, while their anti-Gram-positive bacteria activity continues to decline. Basically non-toxic to the kidneys. Among them, the representative drug ceftriaxone (Rochefene) can be used for the treatment of severely drug-resistant bacteria, severely life-threatening gram-negative bacilli, and anaerobic bacteria, and is the drug of choice for E. coli and Klebsiella pneumonia infections.
The antibacterial activity of the fourth-generation cephalosporins against Gram-positive bacteria is significantly improved than that of the third generation, but still lower than the first and second generations. The antibacterial activity against Gram-negative bacteria is Stronger. There are mainly cefpirome, cefazolnam, cefepime, etc., which can be used for serious infections that are difficult to treat, such as respiratory tract, urinary tract, biliary tract, sepsis and so on.
The fifth-generation fifth-generation cephalosporin product cefepip is an extended-spectrum antibacterial drug, its antibacterial spectrum includes Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), vancomycin moderately resistant Staphylococcus aureus (VISA) and Vancomycin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (VRSA), etc., are the world’s first anti-MRSA cephalosporin antibacterial drugs, and currently there are not many clinical uses in my country.
