Diabetic nephritis is the most serious and common complication of diabetes, which is mainly related to factors such as genetic factors, poor blood sugar control, and the progression of the disease itself. Clinically, the incidence of diabetic nephritis increases with the increase in the incidence of diabetes year by year, and will cause a series of complications. Patients often have symptoms such as high blood pressure and decreased renal function. In severe cases, symptoms such as nausea, vomiting, loss of appetite, malaise, edema, dyspnea, etc. will occur, and they will eventually progress to end-stage renal disease, which will have a serious impact on the quality of life of the patient. It even threatens the safety of life. Patients should do the following in their daily lives to curb the development of the disease.
To strengthen the observation of the condition, patients should strictly control their blood sugar within a reasonable range under the guidance of a doctor. Perform blood glucose monitoring regularly every day, including fasting blood glucose and blood glucose 2 hours after a meal, and record the results. When the blood sugar is obviously abnormal, seek medical treatment in time. For more serious patients, closely observe the condition and vital signs, observe the patient’s urine output, urine color changes, etc., and make records at the same time.
Diet nursing patients should strengthen self-management of diet, formulate a reasonable diet structure and allowable calorie intake standards under the guidance of doctors. The patient’s diet should be diversified, eat small and frequent meals, and be regular and quantitative. When patients have proteinuria, they need to take a low-protein diet, limit protein intake, reduce the production and accumulation of protein metabolites, and achieve the purpose of reducing the metabolic pressure of the kidneys. It is generally recommended that the daily protein intake should not exceed 0.6 g/kg body weight, and the choice of protein should be based on high-quality protein, such as dairy products, eggs, and lean meat. It is worthy of the attention of patients and their families that low-protein diets are likely to cause malnutrition in patients. Regular review is required for timely adjustments. When patients are accompanied by hyperlipidemia, reduce fat intake and change cooking methods. Patients should also control the intake of salt to avoid excessive intake of salt and increase the burden on the kidneys. It is advisable to use no more than 3 grams per day. Patients must strictly ban smoking. Tobacco contains a lot of harmful substances, among which nicotine can directly stimulate the secretion of adrenaline, which can excite sympathetic nerves and raise blood sugar. Smoking can also cause the constriction of blood vessels, which can easily lead to blood vessel blockage. When obstruction occurs in the kidneys, it can aggravate the symptoms of diabetic nephropathy.
Exercise diabetic nephritis patients with mild disease, under the condition of normal blood pressure, no obvious edema, no renal damage, and light urine protein, under the guidance of a doctor, a reasonable exercise plan can be set according to age, physical condition, etc. Regular exercise, such as Tai Chi, yoga, jogging, walking, swimming and other low-intensity exercises. This is conducive to the control of blood sugar, on the other hand, it can enhance the patient’s resistance and prevent infection. Patients must exercise moderately, and do not exercise too vigorously or for a long time. Improper exercise can lead to an increase in blood flow to the kidneys, leading to increased urine protein excretion and aggravating the process of diabetic nephritis. It is worth noting that patients with high blood pressure, obvious edema or renal insufficiency need to rest in bed and should not exercise. When the patient is in bed, it is necessary to ensure that the indoor air is fresh and the environment is hygienic, clean and ventilate regularly, to avoid the occurrence of infection caused by environmental problems.
Medication patients should follow the doctor’s instructions to take the medicines. They should take them on time and according to the amount. Do not increase or decrease the amount of medicine and change the time of medication at will. Do not take supplements and health products at will, and do not abuse drugs to avoid increasing the metabolic burden on the kidneys. Patients should be actively treated and reviewed regularly to help control the development of the disease and maintain the stability of the disease for a long time.
Psychological family members should strengthen their care and encouragement for patients, increase communication with patients, and encourage patients to actively face treatment. Patients should maintain a stable mood and learn to manage their emotions. Patients with mild symptoms and no need to rest in bed can maintain normal work and life, which helps patients maintain a good state of mind. Bad emotions will affect the body’s endocrine situation, which is not conducive to disease control.
In short, in the face of diabetic nephropathy, patients should not panic. While following the doctor’s instructions for active treatment, it is necessary to strengthen disease monitoring, do strict diet management, exercise properly, maintain a comfortable mood, and build confidence and courage to overcome the disease, so as to maintain the stability of the disease and ensure the quality of life.
